Wireless Intro
Posted by joellivz on July 4, 2009
Wireless communication is one of the most vibrant research areas in the communication field today. While it has been a topic of study since the 60’s, the past decade has seen a surge of research activities in the area. This is due to a confluence of several factors. First is the explosive increase in demand for tetherless connectivity, driven so far mainly by cellular telephony but is expected to be soon eclipsed by wireless data applications. Second, the dramatic progress in VLSI technology has enabled small-area and low-power implementation of sophisticated signal processing algorithms and coding techniques. Third, the success of second-generation (2G) digital wireless standards, in particular the IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) standard, provides a concrete demonstration that good ideas from communication theory can have a significant impact in practice. The research thrust in the past decade has led to a much richer set of perspectives and tools on how to communicate over wireless channels, and the picture is still very much evolving.There are two fundamental aspects of wireless communication that make the problem challenging and interesting. These aspects are by and large not as significant in wireline communication. First is the phenomenon of fading: the time-variation of the channel strengths due to the small-scale effect of multipath fading, as well as larger scale effects such as path loss via distance attenuation and shadowing by obstacles. Second, unlike in the wired world where each transmitter-receiver pair can often be thought of as an isolated point-to-point link, wireless users communicate over the air and there is significant interference between them in wireless communication. The
interference can be between transmitters communicating with a common receiver (e.g. uplink of a cellular system), between signals from a single transmitter to multiple receivers (e.g. downlink of a cellular system), or between different transmitter-receiver pairs (e.g. interference between users in different cells).
